Problematic Internet use by children and adolescents from the parental perspective before and after the lockdown due to COVID-19

Problematic Internet use by children and adolescents has increased in recent years, causing negative consequences in the psychoemotional, physical, social, and academic development of minors. However, few studies have examined the change in problematic Internet use by minors following the pandemic. Thus, the main objective of this research was to study whether there has been an increase in problematic Internet use after the lockdown due to COVID-19, analyze if this increase is related to parental supervision and explore its link with age, gender, and non-educative online activities. This was a retrospective study including 156 parents of children (aged 5 to 16 years), who answered a set of questionnaires with good reliability to assess their children's problematic Internet use, the frequency of use of the activities that children perform on the Internet and the supervision that they give to their children. These variables were compared before and after the lockdown due to COVID-19. The results showed that there has been an increase in problematic Internet use by minors after the lockdown. On the other hand, the findings did not show a significant relationship between parental supervision and less problematic Internet use at either time point. It is noteworthy that parental supervision remained unchanged despite the increase in problematic Internet use after the lockdown. © 2023. Psy, Soc & Educ.

Analysis of the Academic Performance of Mechanical-Electrical Engineering Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study in a Private University in Peru

The COVID-19 pandemic, brought with a number of problems in different sectors, one of the most affected was the education sector, especially in engineering programs, since these have a practical nature and need laboratories to consolidate meaningful learning. In many cases, the virtualization generated some anomalous behavior in the academic indicators that could be used for the analysis of the successes and errors that could lay the foundations for a modern education in engineering careers. The main objective of this research is to analyze the average academic performance per course of a mechanical-electrical engineering program, for which some data was taken from 2018 to 2021. To explain the behavior of the curves, a qualitative survey was applied to 357 students. Three academic indicators are used in the study: grades average, "not pass” rate, desertion rate. The results of the analysis showed that in the first period of the year 2020 (starting period of confinement) they presented very different parameters from those already known in previous years, which could be based on three main causes. The first was due to the full-time dedication of the students to carry out their academic activities, the second is based on the proper technology, resources and strategies adopted by the university and finally, the economic aid from the Peruvian government. © 2023 by the authors.

Self-efficacy and problem solving as predictors of attitudes toward research: a study with university students of Amazonia in virtual education 2021

Introduction. Fitting together virtual teaching environments has made possible the continuance of higher education at the global level, and particularly in Peru, after the proliferation of the Covid-19 virus during 2020 and 2021. Nevertheless, teachers and students from Amazonian communities continue to face challenges to public education, such as limited access and insufficient knowledge of technological and educational resources, which may lead to low involvement and unfavorable attitudes towards academic research activities.Objective. The aim of this research was to propose an explanatory model for attitudes toward research, based on perceived self-efficacy and problem-solving ability in a university population, as a function of demographic factors such as gender, age, and current year of studies, during virtual education in 2021.Method. This observational, descriptive, and correlational study used a sample of students (n = 958) between the ages of 18 and 25 years. Self-reported questionnaires were used to inquire about their perceived level of academic, situation-specific self-efficacy;problem-solving ability;and attitude towards research, where the latter were explained through structural equation modeling (SEM).Results. The study confirmed that students' degree of self-efficacy and problem-solving ability predicted their attitude toward research (p < 0.05), with adequate goodness-of-fit indices for the SEM model (X-2 / df = 3.27;CFI = 0.968;RMSEA = 0.049;TLI= .945). Likewise, path analysis revealed that self-efficacy was directly related to indicators of attitude toward research, particularly uninterest in research (0.24), little vocation for research (0.32) and low value given to research: (0.24).Discussion and Conclusions. Thus it is essential that the university strengthen problem-solving skills and a sense of self-confidence in undergraduate students, and thereby increase students' involvement in research activities.

Self-efficacy and problem solving as predictors of attitudes toward research: a study with university students of Amazonia in virtual education 2021

Introduction. Fitting together virtual teaching environments has made possible the continuance of higher education at the global level, and particularly in Peru, after the proliferation of the Covid-19 virus during 2020 and 2021. Nevertheless, teachers and students from Amazonian communities continue to face challenges to public education, such as limited access and insufficient knowledge of technological and educational resources, which may lead to low involvement and unfavorable attitudes towards academic research activities. Objective. The aim of this research was to propose an explanatory model for attitudes toward research, based on perceived self-efficacy and problem-solving ability in a university population, as a function of demographic factors such as gender, age, and current year of studies, during virtual education in 2021. Method. This observational, descriptive, and correlational study used a sample of students (n = 958) between the ages of 18 and 25 years. Self-reported questionnaires were used to inquire about their perceived level of academic, situation-specific self-efficacy;problem-solving ability;and attitude towards research, where the latter were explained through structural equation modeling (SEM). Results. The study confirmed that students' degree of self-efficacy and problem-solving ability predicted their attitude toward research (p < 0.05), with adequate goodness-of-fit indices for the SEM model (X-2 / df = 3.27;CFI= 0.968;RMSEA = 0.049;TLI = .945). Likewise, path analysis revealed that self-efficacy was directly related to indicators of attitude toward research, particularly uninterest in research (0.24), little vocation for research (0.32) and low value given to research: (0.24). Discussion and Conclusions. Thus it is essential that the university strengthen problem-solving skills and a sense of self-confidence in undergraduate students, and thereby increase students' involvement in research activities.

Assessment of the Level of Physical Activity and Physical Fitness in a Sample of University Students. Comparison after the Covid-19 Pandemic

The transition from secondary education to university education has become a critical moment for the lifestyle of young people, especially for the practice of physical activity. Therefore, the main objective of the present study was to assess the levels of physical activity in university students, by correlating the results of the IPAQ-SF and the different physical fitness variables (Eurofit). The sample consisted of 194 students of the Primary Education Degree, with a mean age of 21.37 +/- 2.66 years. The main results obtained reflect the direct relationship between the practice of physical activity in general, and vigorous physical activity in particular, and optimal physical fitness of university students, linked above all to the strength component. As for the comparison between prepandemic ( 18/19) and post-pandemic (21/ 22) university students, the increase in physical activity after the pandemic did not show substantial differences in the physical fitness components. In conclusion, these results should lead us to reflect on the influence of an active lifestyle on physical fitness, which has an impact on overall health status and quality of life.

A Wavelet Analysis of the Dynamic Connectedness among Oil Prices, Green Bonds, and CO2 Emissions

Wavelet power spectrum (WPS) and wavelet coherence analyses (WCA) are used to examine the co-movements among oil prices, green bonds, and CO2 emissions on daily data from January 2014 to October 2022. The WPS results show that oil returns exhibit significant volatility at low and medium frequencies, particularly in 2014, 2019-2020, and 2022. Also, the Green Bond Index presents significant volatility at the end of 2019-2020 and the beginning of 2022 at low, medium, and high frequencies. Additionally, CO2 futures' returns present high volatility at low and medium frequencies, expressly in 2015-2016, 2018, the end of 2019-2020, and 2022. WCA's empirical findings reveal (i) that oil returns have a negative impact on the Green Bond Index in the medium term. (ii) There is a strong interdependence between oil prices and CO2 futures' returns, in short, medium, and long terms, as inferred from the time-frequency analysis. (iii) There also is evidence of strong short, medium, and long terms co-movements between the Green Bond Index and CO2 futures' returns, with the Green Bond Index leading.

Evolution of the trust in collective responsibility to deal with the pandemic: some findings of an online survey in two moments

Social trust is highlighted in various studies as a very important factor in achieving greater compliance with regulations and measures aimed at preventing COVID-19 infections. However, other studies also conclude that this same trust has been negatively affected by the pandemic and the situations experienced by the population in the two years after begining. This article aims to contribute to the knowledge and debate on this important issue by offering some findings from an online survey carried out on the Spanish population at two crucial moments in the pandemic: the first and the third wave of infections.

Ophthalmic manifestations in patients recovered from COVID-19 in Mexico.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Although the ophthalmic manifestations appear to be associated with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), there is not enough evidence. Hence, the aim of this study was to determine the various types and frequency of ophthalmic manifestations in patients recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection in Mexico. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This retrospective, observational and descriptive study included all patients recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection attending the tertiary level hospital of Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS) from June 2020 to June 2022. During the hospital admission of patients, the demographic data such age, name, gender was recorded. Ophthalmologic examination was performed under torchlight by an ophthalmologist in the Department of Ophthalmology from IMSS. Data was compiled and statistically analyzed using Fisher's exact test and Spearman correlation. RESULTS: A total of 3081 SARS-CoV-2-positive patients were recorded, of which 318 (10.32%) met the inclusion criteria. Of them, 21 (6.60%) had ophthalmic manifestations and the female-to-male ratio was 1.6:1. The mean age (±SD) was 47.95±15.27 years and the median (interquartile range) time from the diagnosis of COVID-19, as defined by positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR testing, to detection of the ophthalmic manifestation was 31 (142) days. The most common ocular manifestation was orbital mucormycosis (23.80%). Interestingly, the presence of ophthalmic manifestations was not associated with severe COVID-19 (p=0.665). CONCLUSIONS: The ophthalmic manifestations are infrequent in patients recovered from severe COVID-19. Nevertheless, further large sample studies are needed to confirm these findings.

[Ophthalmic manifestations in patients recovered from COVID-19 in Mexico]. / Manifestaciones oftálmicas en pacientes recuperados de COVID-19 en México.

Introduction and objectives: Although the ophthalmic manifestations appear to be associated with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), there is not enough evidence. Hence, the aim of this study was to determine the various types and frequency of ophthalmic manifestations in patients recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection in Mexico. Material and methods: This retrospective, observational and descriptive study included all patients recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection attending the tertiary level hospital of Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS) from June 2020 to June 2022. During the hospital admission of patients, the demographic data such age, name, gender was recorded. Ophthalmologic examination was performed under torchlight by an ophthalmologist in the Department of Ophthalmology from IMSS. Data was compiled and statistically analyzed using Fisher's exact test and Spearman correlation. Results: A total of 3,081 SARS-CoV-2-positive patients were recorded, of which 318 (10.32%) met the inclusion criteria. Of them, 21 (6.60%) had ophthalmic manifestations and the female-to-male ratio was 1.6:1. The mean age (±SD) was 47.95 ± 15.27 years and the median (interquartile range) time from the diagnosis of COVID-19, as defined by positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR testing, to detection of the ophthalmic manifestation was 31 (142) days. The most common ocular manifestation was orbital mucormycosis (23.80%). Interestingly, the presence of ophthalmic manifestations was not associated with severe COVID-19 (p = 0.665). Conclusions: The ophthalmic manifestations are infrequent in patients recovered from severe COVID-19. Nevertheless, further large sample studies are needed to confirm these findings.

Mortality in pregnant women with COVID - 19 during the 2020-2021 period in Latin America

Objective: To conduct a review on mortality in pregnant women with COVID-19 during the 2020-2021 period in Latin America. Methods: A systematic review of scientific articles published from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2021, was carried out in the Medline databases via PubMed, SciELO, Google Scholar. The question was: What is the mortality in pregnant women with COVID-19 during the 2020-2021 period in Latin America? through the controlled descriptors: "Pregnant women”, "COVID-19”, "Mortality”. Population: Pregnant women, Exposure: COVID-19, Outcome: Mortality. Results: One of the most vulnerable populations were pregnant women, as they are more susceptible to developing serious viral infections due to the physiological adaptations that occur during pregnancy. After the selection process, we included 10 studies that showed results. They were developed in pregnant women with a positive COVID-19 test and had a study population varying between 40 and 29,416 participants. Mortality in intensive care units was found to be 49% in Mexico City. A study in 8 Latin American countries reported that 86.4% of women were infected before delivery and 60.3% in the third trimester. Studies coincide in describing comorbidities in pregnant women with COVID-19, among which hypertensive disorders stand out. Conclusion: This study provides information about maternal mortality associated with COVID-19 among women in Latin America. In addition, pregnant women were found to present health barriers to accessing intensive care unit services. © 2023 Sociedad de Obstetricia y Ginecologia de Venezuela. All rights reserved.

Does the Firm's Size Matter on Organizational Resilience?

In this paper we analyze any kind of relationship between the firm's size and the organizational resilience. First, we present two existing frameworks of organizational resilience that propose a set of resilience indicators. Then we discuss on data published by the Spanish Institute for the Statistics if the firm's size has been a relevant factor for organizational survival during the last two world economic crisis: 2008 financial crisis and the recent COVID 19 pandemic. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Changes in government procurement: COVID-19 as an opportunity for corruption

Purpose: Explore the factors making emergency procurement more prone to corruption by advancing explanations for when rules and transparency are relaxed allowing corrupt practices to emerge. Describe institutional factors, such as corruption syndrome (Johnston, 2005, 2015) and legal system, and their impact on procurement rules changes. Design/methodology/approach: A qualitative event study using publicly available data offer a timeline and explanation of government procurement control mechanisms and transparency roles in emergencies by comparing two countries. Argentina and Canada had very similar and advanced food procurement systems prior to COVID-19, but they took different stances when the pandemic broke out. Findings: Legal systems and corruption syndrome are linked, where Civil Law is related to Elite Cartels (Argentina) and Common Law with Influence Markets (Canada). The study contributes to understand the role of transparency to minimize the opportunity for direct purchases (electronic trails of decisions, justifications and approvals). Judicial system's actions favor corrupt practices and are aligned with elites despite the civil society outcry. Research limitations/implications: Research on corrupt practices has limited access to primary data due to fear of reprisals. Informal conversations revealing glimpses of corruption were used to identify publicly available documents. Numbers play a role in emergencies and performativity theory literature is enriched by providing an example of different interpretation of information when frameworks differ between civil society and courts. Originality/value: A comparative analysis that evidences the role of pre-existing institutional and social conditions shows when emergency situations will be used as an excuse to relax procurement control and transparency mechanisms which in turn facilitate corrupt practices. © 2023, Emerald Publishing Limited.

Ransomware Identification Through Sandbox Environment

Latin America suffered more than 41 billion attempted cyberattacks in 2020, as the COVID-19 pandemic generated remote working, setting conditions for cybercriminals to exploit vulnerabilities in corporate computer networks. The general objective of this research was to implement sandbox technology to protect against ransomware attacks in a local network of a financial institution. The implementation of Sandbox technology was developed with opensource software. To this end, a server with sandbox technology was implemented and configured to manage all operations performed by customers. A test lab was implemented with five machines in a virtualized environment. Five types of ransomware were collected and downloaded from the tutorialjinni page, executed in the test lab and analyzed by Cuckoo Sandbox, the latter reported that of the five ransomware injected, 100% were detected and successfully isolated, using on average 0.89 Gb of ram memory and with an average time of 123.6 s, which demonstrated that Cuckoo Sandbox is effective and optimal in utilizing hardware resources, thus contributing to the perimeter security of the computer network. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Frailty Reduces Vaccine Effectiveness Against SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Test-Negative Case Control Study Using National VA Data.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the variation of vaccine effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 infection during the Delta wave according to frailty status among U.S. veterans. DESIGN: Test-negative case-control study of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine effectiveness. SETTING: Veterans Health Administration (VHA) medical centers. PARTICIPANTS: Veterans 19 years and older who had at least one COVID-19/Flu like symptoms and received a SARS-CoV-2 PCR or antigen test at VHA medical centers between July 25 to September 30, 2021. INTERVENTION: mRNA vaccination. MEASUREMENTS: New SARS-CoV-2 infection. Vaccine effectiveness was defined as 1-odds of vaccination in cases/odds of vaccination in controls, where cases were patients who had a COVID-19 test and tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, and controls were those who tested negative. Frailty was measured using the VA frailty index, categorized as robust (0-<0.1), pre-frail (≥0.1-<0.21) and frail (≥0.21). RESULTS: A total of 58,604 patients (age:58.9±17.0, median:61, IQR:45-72; 87.5%men; 68.1%white; 1.3%African American, 8.3%Hispanic) were included in the study. Of these, 27,733 (47.3%) were robust, 16,276 (27.8%) were prefrail, and 14,595 (24.9%) were frail. mRNA vaccine effectiveness against the Delta variant symptomatic infection was lower in patients with frailty, 62.8 %(95%CI:59.8-65.7), versus prefrail 73.9%(95%CI:72.0-75.7), and robust, 77.0 %(95%CI:75.7-78.3). CONCLUSIONS: This test-negative case control study showed that mRNA vaccine effectiveness against infection declined in veterans with frailty. Frailty status is a factor to consider when designing, developing, and evaluating COVID-19 vaccines.

Association between a Frailty Index from Common Laboratory Values and Vital Signs (FI-LAB) and Hospital and Post-Hospital Outcomes in Veterans with COVID-19 Infection.

OBJECTIVES: Determine the association of higher FI-LAB scores, derived from common laboratory values and vital signs, with hospital and post-hospital outcomes in Veterans hospitalized with COVID-19 infection. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A retrospective, multicenter, cohort study of 7 Veterans Health Administration (VHA) medical centers in Florida and Puerto Rico. Patients aged 18 years and older hospitalized with COVID-19 and followed for up to 1 year post discharge or until death. Clinical Frailty Measure: FI-LAB. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Hospital and post-hospital outcomes. RESULTS: Of the 671 eligible patients, 615 (91.5%) patients were included (mean [SD] age, 66.1 [14.8] years; 577 men [93.8%]; median stay, 8 days [IQR:3-15]. There were sixty-one in-hospital deaths. Veterans in the moderate and high FI-LAB groups had a higher proportion of inpatient mortality (13.3% and 20.6%, respectively) than the low group (4.1%), p <0.001. Moderate and high FI-LAB scores were associated with greater inpatient mortality when compared to the low group, OR:3.22 (95%CI:1.59-6.54), p=.001 and 6.05 (95%CI:2.48-14.74), p<0.001, respectively. Compared with low FI-LAB scores, moderate and high scores were also associated with prolonged length of stay, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and transfer. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this study of patients admitted to 7 VHA Hospitals during the first surge of the pandemic, higher FI-LAB scores were associated with higher in-hospital mortality and other in-hospital outcomes; FI-LAB can serve as a validated, rapid, feasible, and objective frailty tool in hospitalized adults with COVID-19 that can aid clinical care.

Rare case of post-COVID transverse myelitis

Case Report: Acute transverse myelitis (TM) is a rare inflammatory disease that typically presents asweakness, sensory alterations, and bowel or bladder dysfunction. Among the causes of TM are infections, paraneoplastic syndromes, or autoimmune conditions of CNS. Postinfectious TM can develop secondary to a viral or bacterial infection. SARS-CoV-2 is a recently discovered viral illness, and sequelae due to COVID-19 infection are still being studied. There is scarce literature relating the two conditions, and it is imperative to raise awareness. A 72-year-old man with hypertension and GERD, completely independent in ADL, was brought to the ED with sudden onset of bilateral lower extremity weakness. He reported symptoms started with difficulty climbing stairs that rapidly progressed to inability to ambulate independently and were associated with bilateral thigh soreness. Nine days prior, he developed fever and generalized malaise, and two days later, SARS-CoV-2 PCR and Ag tests were positive. He received azithromycin, Paxlovid, and dexamethasone as treatment. Upon evaluation, the patient was afebrile and hemodynamically stable. Neurological examination was remarkable for spasticity and hyperreflexia at bilateral lower limbs, clonus, preserved motor strength with adequate sensation to soft touch, and intact vibration and proprioception in all extremities. Cranial nerves were intact. These findings were consistent with an upper motor neuron lesion. On imaging, the Head CT scan was unremarkable. Thoracic/Lumbar Spine MRI was significant for distal thoracic and conus areas with central homogeneous brightness compatible with nonspecific myelitis. Laboratories showed leukocytosis without neutrophilia or bandemia, thrombocytosis, and elevated CRP. HIV and RPR tests were negative. A lumbar puncture for CSF analysiswas remarkable for mild monocytic pleocytosis (7 cell/muL), an increased level of total proteins (56 mg/dL), and normal glucose (57 mg/dL). CSF culture and gram stain were negative. CSF cytology yielded few lymphocytes and few monocytes and was negative for malignant cells. The meningoencephalitis panel was negative. Based on these findings, a clinical diagnosis of postinfectious myelitis secondary to COVID-19was made. The patient was treated with intravenous Methylprednisolone 1 g daily for five days. On follow-up, lower extremity weakness resolved completely, and he resumed his daily physical activities. Patients with COVID-19 infection can present with neurologic manifestations such as headache, myalgias, dizziness, dysgeusia, and anosmia. This case hopes to raise awareness of less commonly known neurological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection and how the early recognition of symptoms can help expedite the diagnosis and treatment of the condition to avoid long-term sequelae. [Figure presented] Copyright © 2023 Southern Society for Clinical Investigation.

Frailty Reduces Vaccine Effectiveness Against SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Test-Negative Case Control Study Using National VA Data

Objectives To assess the variation of vaccine effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 infection during the Delta wave according to frailty status among U.S. veterans. Design Test-negative case-control study of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine effectiveness. Setting Veterans Health Administration (VHA) medical centers. Participants Veterans 19 years and older who had at least one COVID-19/Flu like symptoms and received a SARS-CoV-2 PCR or antigen test at VHA medical centers between July 25 to September 30, 2021. Intervention mRNA vaccination. Measurements New SARS-CoV-2 infection. Vaccine effectiveness was defined as 1-odds of vaccination in cases/odds of vaccination in controls, where cases were patients who had a COVID-19 test and tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, and controls were those who tested negative. Frailty was measured using the VA frailty index, categorized as robust (0–<0.1), pre-frail (≥0.1–<0.21) and frail (≥0.21). Results A total of 58,604 patients (age:58.9±17.0, median:61, IQR:45–72;87.5%men;68.1%white;1.3%African American, 8.3%Hispanic) were included in the study. Of these, 27,733 (47.3%) were robust, 16,276 (27.8%) were prefrail, and 14,595 (24.9%) were frail. mRNA vaccine effectiveness against the Delta variant symptomatic infection was lower in patients with frailty, 62.8 %(95%CI:59.8–65.7), versus prefrail 73.9%(95%CI:72.0–75.7), and robust, 77.0 %(95%CI:75.7–78.3). Conclusions This test-negative case control study showed that mRNA vaccine effectiveness against infection declined in veterans with frailty. Frailty status is a factor to consider when designing, developing, and evaluating COVID-19 vaccines. Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available for this article at 10.1007/s12603-023-1885-1 and is accessible for authorized users.

Association between a Frailty Index from Common Laboratory Values and Vital Signs (FI-LAB) and Hospital and Post-Hospital Outcomes in Veterans with COVID-19 Infection

Objectives Determine the association of higher FI-LAB scores, derived from common laboratory values and vital signs, with hospital and post-hospital outcomes in Veterans hospitalized with COVID-19 infection. Design, Setting, and Participants A retrospective, multicenter, cohort study of 7 Veterans Health Administration (VHA) medical centers in Florida and Puerto Rico. Patients aged 18 years and older hospitalized with COVID-19 and followed for up to 1 year post discharge or until death. Clinical Frailty Measure: FI-LAB. Main Outcomes and Measures Hospital and post-hospital outcomes. Results Of the 671 eligible patients, 615 (91.5%) patients were included (mean [SD] age, 66.1 [14.8] years;577 men [93.8%];median stay, 8 days [IQR:3-15]. There were sixty-one in-hospital deaths. Veterans in the moderate and high FI-LAB groups had a higher proportion of inpatient mortality (13.3% and 20.6%, respectively) than the low group (4.1%), p <0.001. Moderate and high FI-LAB scores were associated with greater inpatient mortality when compared to the low group, OR:3.22 (95%CI:1.59-6.54), p=.001 and 6.05 (95%CI:2.48-14.74), p<0.001, respectively. Compared with low FI-LAB scores, moderate and high scores were also associated with prolonged length of stay, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and transfer. Conclusions and Relevance In this study of patients admitted to 7 VHA Hospitals during the first surge of the pandemic, higher FI-LAB scores were associated with higher in-hospital mortality and other in-hospital outcomes;FI-LAB can serve as a validated, rapid, feasible, and objective frailty tool in hospitalized adults with COVID-19 that can aid clinical care. Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available for this article at 10.1007/s12603-023-1886-0 and is accessible for authorized users.

VIRTUAL EDUCATION AND TEACHING PERFORMANCE IN A PERUVIAN PUBLIC UNIVERSITY

The San Luis Gonzaga National University, Ica-Peru, due to Covid 19, adapted to virtuality by implementing the Laureasea virtual classroom. This research was carried out during the academic semester 2021-1. Objective: to analyze how virtual education improves teaching performance;430 teachers from the 24 faculties participated, they answered a virtual survey. Significant result: 80% taught a virtual class for the first time, 60% had access to a virtual classroom, 68% have improved their performance and 75%prefer face-to-face classes. Conclusions: virtual education significantly improves teaching performance and they prefer face-to-face classes. © GKA Ediciones, authors.